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Going Nuclear?

335 words 5 learners

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  1. radioactive waste
    useless radioactive materials that are left after some laboratory or commercial process is completed
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  2. nuclear energy
    the energy released by a nuclear reaction
    Nuclear energy is both a threat and an opportunity.
  3. tradeoff
    an exchange that occurs as a compromise
    Those are the tradeoffs that will need to be balanced.
  4. power plant
    an electrical generating station
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  5. Chernobyl
    a city in north central Ukraine
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  6. power grid
    a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  7. subsidize
    support, as through grants or other funds
    The US taxpayer has long subsidized, and continues to subsidize, nuclear energy.
  8. plug-in
    a printed circuit that can be inserted into expansion slots in a computer to increase the computer's capabilities
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  9. round-the-clock
    at all times
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  10. electrification
    the act of providing electricity
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  11. nuclear
    constituting the core or central part
    Going Nuclear?
  12. environmentalist
    someone who works to protect nature from destruction
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  13. nuclear reactor
    (physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements
    As for the costs of a new generation of nuclear reactors, they are completely unknown.
  14. drawing board
    a smooth board on which paper is placed for making drawings
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  15. cost-effective
    productive relative to the cost
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  16. emission
    the act of causing to flow forth
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  17. solar energy
    energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  18. proponent
    a person who argues for a cause or puts forward an idea
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  19. accustom
    familiarize psychologically or physically
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  20. amplify
    increase the volume of
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  21. radioactive
    exhibiting or caused by emissions in nuclear decay
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  22. renewable
    capable of being replaced
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  23. climate change
    a shift in the world's average weather and temperature
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  24. disable
    injure permanently
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  25. greenhouse gas
    a substance in the air that warms a planet by trapping heat
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  26. ecological
    characterized by the interdependence of living organisms
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  27. constrain
    hold back
    In a carbon-constrained world, it’s easy to project the costs of new coal power at 10 cents/kwh.
  28. subsidy
    a grant of financial assistance, especially by a government
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  29. solar
    relating to the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  30. energy
    forceful exertion
    Nuclear energy is both a threat and an opportunity.
  31. standard of living
    the level of material goods and services available
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  32. inherently
    in an essential manner
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  33. aberration
    a state or condition markedly different from the norm
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  34. subsidized
    having partial financial support from public funds
    The US taxpayer has long subsidized, and continues to subsidize, nuclear energy.
  35. refine
    reduce to a pure state
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  36. deteriorate
    become worse or disintegrate
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  37. status quo
    the existing state of affairs
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  38. nuclear power
    nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use)
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  39. implemented
    forced or compelled or put in force
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  40. insecurity
    the anxiety experienced when feeling vulnerable
    Which risks are more pressing: climate change and energy insecurity, or radioactive waste and weapons materials for terrorists?
  41. powered
    (often used in combination) having or using or propelled by means of power or power of a specified kind
    Clearly, we won’t see nuclear powered vehicles.
  42. plant
    a living organism without the power to move
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  43. coal
    fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  44. costs
    pecuniary reimbursement to the winning party for the expenses of litigation
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  45. admittedly
    as acknowledged
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  46. contamination
    the state of being corrupted by contact or association
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  47. reactor
    apparatus to maintain and control a nuclear reaction
    As for the costs of a new generation of nuclear reactors, they are completely unknown.
  48. environmental
    of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  49. grid
    a pattern of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  50. hypocritical
    professing feelings or virtues one does not have
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  51. taxpayer
    someone who pays taxes
    The US taxpayer has long subsidized, and continues to subsidize, nuclear energy.
  52. cost
    be priced at
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  53. extraction
    taking out something
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  54. technological
    of a practical subject organized by scientific principles
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  55. transportation
    the act of moving something from one location to another
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  56. refining
    the process of removing impurities
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  57. capability
    the quality of being able to do something
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  58. intentionally
    with intention; in an intentional manner
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  59. scenario
    a postulated sequence of possible events
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  60. installation
    the act of setting something up for use
    So, it would seem that this argues for massive wind and solar installation, rather than new nuclear.
  61. climate
    the weather in some location averaged over a period of time
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  62. greenhouse
    a building with glass walls and roof
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  63. only if
    never except when
    Nuclear energy can be a major part of the total solution, but only if we’re willing to accept the costs and risks.
  64. economics
    science dealing with the circulation of goods and services
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  65. cite
    make reference to
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  66. petroleum
    a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  67. implement
    a piece of equipment or a tool used for a specific purpose
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  68. discredit
    the state of being held in low esteem
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  69. carbon
    an abundant nonmetallic element in all organic compounds
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  70. hybrid
    the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  71. risk
    a source of danger
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  72. shut down
    cease to operate or cause to cease operating
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  73. volatile
    liable to lead to sudden change or violence
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  74. risky
    involving risk or danger
    New coal power plants would be an even riskier bet.
  75. 1970s
    the decade from 1970 to 1979
    There hasn’t been a new nuclear plant completed in the US since the 1980s, and no new orders since the late 1970s.
  76. cent
    a fractional monetary unit of several countries
    Costs could be as low as 8 cents/kwh or as high as 15 cents/kwh.
  77. plug
    blockage consisting of an object designed to fill a hole tightly
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  78. coin
    a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  79. 1980s
    the decade from 1980 to 1989
    There hasn’t been a new nuclear plant completed in the US since the 1980s, and no new orders since the late 1970s.
  80. eliminate
    end, take out, or do away with
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  81. hazardous
    involving risk or danger
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  82. for the time being
    temporarily
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  83. reliance
    the state of depending on something
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  84. vehicle
    a conveyance that transports people or objects
    Clearly, we won’t see nuclear powered vehicles.
  85. fossil
    the remains of a plant or animal from a past geological age
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  86. impact
    the striking of one body against another
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  87. terrorist
    a radical who advocates violence against civilians
    Which risks are more pressing: climate change and energy insecurity, or radioactive waste and weapons materials for terrorists?
  88. plausible
    apparently reasonable, valid, or truthful
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  89. storage
    the act of keeping something for future use
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  90. constrained
    lacking spontaneity; not natural
    In a carbon-constrained world, it’s easy to project the costs of new coal power at 10 cents/kwh.
  91. natural gas
    a fossil fuel in the gaseous state
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  92. technology
    the practical application of science to commerce or industry
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  93. shutting
    the act of closing something
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  94. time being
    the present occasion
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  95. imperative
    requiring attention or action
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  96. deciding
    the cognitive process of reaching a decision
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  97. ton
    a United States unit of weight equivalent to 2000 pounds
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  98. disabled
    people collectively who are crippled or otherwise physically handicapped
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  99. advancement
    the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  100. generation
    group of genetically related organisms in a line of descent
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  101. waste
    use inefficiently or inappropriately
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  102. dealing
    method or manner of conduct in relation to others
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  103. ignore
    refuse to acknowledge
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  104. fuel
    a substance that can be consumed to produce energy
    Instead of environmental risks, the real risks of nuclear energy are about fuel security adn fuel disposal.
  105. crucial
    of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
    One crucial factor that needs addressing is the question of cost.
  106. appealing
    able to attract interest or draw favorable attention
    And other options aren’t so appealing either.
  107. balanced
    being in a state of proper equilibrium
    Those are the tradeoffs that will need to be balanced.
  108. significantly
    in an important manner
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  109. gas
    state of matter distinguished from solid and liquid states
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  110. perspective
    a way of regarding situations or topics
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  111. competitive
    involving rivalry over something
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  112. new
    not of long duration
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  113. spill
    flow, run or fall out and become lost
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  114. catastrophe
    a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  115. dominant
    most frequent or common
    So, if we don’t care about climate change, coal is likely to be the dominant answer, not nuclear.
  116. long-term
    relating to or extending over a relatively long time
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  117. option
    one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
    And other options aren’t so appealing either.
  118. power
    possession of the qualities required to do something
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  119. role
    the actions and activities assigned to a person or group
    But, on the other hand, if climate change matters, then there’s a poteltial role for new nuclear in the US.
  120. disposal
    the act or means of getting rid of something
    Instead of environmental risks, the real risks of nuclear energy are about fuel security adn fuel disposal.
  121. philosophical
    relating to the investigation of existence and knowledge
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  122. approve
    judge to be right or commendable; think well of
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  123. opponent
    someone who offers resistance
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  124. base
    lowest support of a structure
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  125. oppose
    be against
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  126. accustomed
    commonly used or practiced; usual
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  127. associate
    bring or come into action
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  128. mining
    the act of extracting ores or coal from the earth
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  129. easy
    posing no difficulty; requiring little effort
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  130. go up
    move upward
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  131. in a way
    from some points of view
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  132. argue
    have a disagreement about something
    So, it would seem that this argues for massive wind and solar installation, rather than new nuclear.
  133. substantial
    real; having a material or factual existence
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  134. wind
    air moving from high pressure to low pressure
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  135. factor
    anything that contributes causally to a result
    One crucial factor that needs addressing is the question of cost.
  136. promising
    likely to have a successful outcome or positive results
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  137. status
    the condition or someone or something at a particular time
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  138. strategy
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  139. mile
    a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  140. retire
    withdraw from active participation
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  141. based
    having a base
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  142. go away
    move away from a place into another direction
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  143. avoid
    stay away from
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  144. considerably
    to a great extent or degree
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  145. conventional
    following accepted customs and proprieties
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  146. tons
    a large number or amount
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  147. battery
    a collection of related things intended for use together
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  148. massive
    containing a great quantity of matter
    So, it would seem that this argues for massive wind and solar installation, rather than new nuclear.
  149. tend
    have a disposition to do or be something; be inclined
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  150. electricity
    a physical phenomenon that can produce light, heat and power
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  151. accept
    receive willingly something given or offered
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  152. price
    the amount of money needed to purchase something
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  153. bet
    stake on the outcome of an issue
    New coal power plants would be an even riskier bet.
  154. pressing
    requiring immediate action or attention
    Which risks are more pressing: climate change and energy insecurity, or radioactive waste and weapons materials for terrorists?
  155. uncertain
    lacking or indicating lack of confidence or assurance
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  156. threat
    declaration of an intention to inflict harm on another
    Nuclear energy is both a threat and an opportunity.
  157. change
    become different in some particular way
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  158. balance
    harmonious arrangement or relation of parts within a whole
    Those are the tradeoffs that will need to be balanced.
  159. improvement
    the act of making something better
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  160. potential
    existing in possibility
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  161. perceive
    become aware of through the senses
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  162. continue
    keep or maintain in unaltered condition
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  163. cheap
    relatively low in price or charging low prices
    There is no easy, cheap, one-size-fits-all answer to this problem.
  164. be on
    appear in a show, on T.V. or radio
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  165. weapon
    any instrument used in fighting or hunting
    Which risks are more pressing: climate change and energy insecurity, or radioactive waste and weapons materials for terrorists?
  166. clock
    a timepiece that shows the time of day
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  167. facing
    an ornamental coating to a building
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  168. limit
    as far as something can go
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  169. experiment
    the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  170. legislation
    the act of making or enacting laws
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  171. approved
    established by authority; given authoritative approval
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  172. burn
    destroy by fire
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  173. push
    move with force, "He pushed the table into a corner"
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  174. relative
    not absolute or complete
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  175. torn
    unable to choose between two contrary options
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  176. challenge
    a call to engage in a contest or fight
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  177. existing
    having being or actuality
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  178. electric
    using or providing the flow of charge through a conductor
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  179. need
    require or want
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  180. gulf
    an arm of a sea or ocean partly enclosed by land
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  181. effective
    producing or capable of producing an intended result
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  182. solution
    a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
    Nuclear energy can be a major part of the total solution, but only if we’re willing to accept the costs and risks.
  183. paying
    for which money is paid
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  184. grounds
    your basis for belief or disbelief
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  185. response
    the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  186. dollar
    the basic monetary unit in many countries
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  187. decide
    reach, make, or come to a conclusion about something
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  188. bad
    having undesirable or negative qualities
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  189. perceived
    detected by instinct or inference
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  190. completed
    successfully completed or brought to an end
    There hasn’t been a new nuclear plant completed in the US since the 1980s, and no new orders since the late 1970s.
  191. seriously
    in a solemn manner
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  192. exist
    have a presence
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  193. on the other hand
    (contrastive) from another point of view
    But, on the other hand, if climate change matters, then there’s a poteltial role for new nuclear in the US.
  194. retired
    no longer active in your work or profession
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  195. fired
    having lost your job
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  196. likely
    having a good chance of being the case or of coming about
    So, if we don’t care about climate change, coal is likely to be the dominant answer, not nuclear.
  197. low
    less than normal in degree or intensity or amount
    Costs could be as low as 8 cents/kwh or as high as 15 cents/kwh.
  198. order
    logical arrangement of different elements
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  199. provide
    give something useful or necessary to
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  200. standard
    a basis for comparison
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  201. admit
    declare to be true or accept the reality of
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  202. appeal
    earnest or urgent request
    And other options aren’t so appealing either.
  203. reality
    the state of being actual
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  204. design
    the act of working out the form of something
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  205. fairly
    without favoring one party, in a fair evenhanded manner
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  206. island
    a land mass that is surrounded by water
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  207. practical
    guided by experience and observation rather than theory
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  208. burning
    a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  209. major
    greater in scope or effect
    Nuclear energy can be a major part of the total solution, but only if we’re willing to accept the costs and risks.
  210. drawing
    a representation of forms or objects on a surface by means of lines
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  211. project
    a planned undertaking
    In a carbon-constrained world, it’s easy to project the costs of new coal power at 10 cents/kwh.
  212. highly
    to a great degree or extent; favorably or with much respect
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  213. unknown
    not known
    As for the costs of a new generation of nuclear reactors, they are completely unknown.
  214. worst
    the least favorable outcome
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  215. seem
    give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  216. term
    a limited period of time during which something lasts
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  217. leaders
    the body of people who lead a group
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  218. completely
    with everything necessary
    As for the costs of a new generation of nuclear reactors, they are completely unknown.
  219. safety
    being certain that adverse effects will not be caused
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  220. truly
    in accordance with fact or reality
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  221. supply
    circulate or distribute or equip with
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  222. using
    an act that exploits or victimizes someone
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  223. produce
    bring forth or yield
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  224. happen
    come to pass
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  225. dangerous
    involving or causing risk; liable to hurt or harm
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  226. economy
    the system of production and distribution and consumption
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  227. willing
    the act of making a choice
    Nuclear energy can be a major part of the total solution, but only if we’re willing to accept the costs and risks.
  228. clearly
    without doubt or question
    Clearly, we won’t see nuclear powered vehicles.
  229. needs
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
    One crucial factor that needs addressing is the question of cost.
  230. security
    the state of being free from danger or injury
    Instead of environmental risks, the real risks of nuclear energy are about fuel security adn fuel disposal.
  231. huge
    unusually great in amount or degree or extent or scope
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  232. answer
    a statement made to reply to a question or criticism
    There is no easy, cheap, one-size-fits-all answer to this problem.
  233. draw
    cause to move by pulling
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  234. pure
    free of extraneous elements of any kind
    But, with improvements in battery technologies, we can (and likely will) see more electrification of transportation – through plug-in hybrids and ever pure-electric vehicles.
  235. shut
    move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  236. problem
    a question raised for consideration or solution
    There is no easy, cheap, one-size-fits-all answer to this problem.
  237. drive
    operate or control a vehicle
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  238. current
    occurring in or belonging to the present time
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  239. leader
    a person who rules or guides or inspires others
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  240. material
    the substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
    Which risks are more pressing: climate change and energy insecurity, or radioactive waste and weapons materials for terrorists?
  241. size
    the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)
    There is no easy, cheap, one-size-fits-all answer to this problem.
  242. address
    the place where a person or organization can be found
    One crucial factor that needs addressing is the question of cost.
  243. economic
    of or relating to production and management of wealth
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  244. advantage
    the quality of having a superior or more favorable position
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  245. a lot
    to a very great degree or extent
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  246. fit
    meeting adequate standards for a purpose
    There is no easy, cheap, one-size-fits-all answer to this problem.
  247. at the same time
    at the same instant
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  248. breath
    the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  249. industry
    the action of making of goods and services for sale
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  250. promise
    a verbal commitment agreeing to do something in the future
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  251. are
    a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  252. today
    on this day as distinct from yesterday or tomorrow
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  253. worse
    inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  254. either
    also, likewise, as well
    Shutting down the current generation of nuclear plants doesn’t seem like a promising strategy from either an economic or environmental perspective.
  255. total
    the whole amount
    Nuclear energy can be a major part of the total solution, but only if we’re willing to accept the costs and risks.
  256. receive
    get something; come into possession of
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  257. press
    put pressure or force upon something
    Which risks are more pressing: climate change and energy insecurity, or radioactive waste and weapons materials for terrorists?
  258. opportunity
    a possibility from a favorable combination of circumstances
    Nuclear energy is both a threat and an opportunity.
  259. become
    come into existence
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  260. oil
    a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  261. serious
    of great consequence
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  262. complete
    having all necessary qualities
    There hasn’t been a new nuclear plant completed in the US since the 1980s, and no new orders since the late 1970s.
  263. lot
    anything (straws or pebbles etc.) taken or chosen at random
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  264. policy
    a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  265. built
    having a substance added to increase effectiveness
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  266. while
    a period of indeterminate length marked by some action
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  267. greatest
    highest in quality
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  268. higher
    advanced in complexity or elaboration
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  269. due
    that which is deserved or owed
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  270. will
    the capability of conscious choice and decision
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  271. remain
    continue in a place, position, or situation
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  272. running
    the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  273. generally
    usually; as a rule
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  274. more
    greater in size or amount or extent or degree
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  275. century
    a period of 100 years
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  276. high
    being at or having a relatively great or specific elevation
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  277. quickly
    with little or no delay
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  278. board
    a stout length of sawn timber
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  279. other
    not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  280. in order
    in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  281. result
    something that follows as a consequence
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  282. mine
    excavation from which ores and minerals are extracted
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  283. especially
    to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common
    If that happens, we’ll need much more power generation capability – especially if a lot of old coal plants are retired in response to climate legislation.
  284. still
    not in physical motion
    We still need better technologies for dealing with nuclear waste in order to avoid potential contamination.
  285. future
    the time yet to come
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  286. far
    at or to or from a great distance in space
    The BP Gulf oil spill was far worse of an ecological catastrophe than Three Mile Island.
  287. side
    a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  288. see
    perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  289. instead
    in place of, or as an alternative to
    Instead of environmental risks, the real risks of nuclear energy are about fuel security adn fuel disposal.
  290. system
    a group of independent elements comprising a unified whole
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  291. deal
    be in charge of, act on, or dispose of
    This role is amplified if we want to deal seriously with the other energy imperative we face: eliminate our reliance on petroleum for transportation.
  292. can
    airtight sealed metal container for food or drink, etc.
    Nuclear energy can be a major part of the total solution, but only if we’re willing to accept the costs and risks.
  293. natural
    relating to or concerning the physical world
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  294. pretty
    pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  295. pay
    give money, usually in exchange for goods or services
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  296. living
    pertaining to living persons
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  297. continued
    without stop or interruption
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  298. probably
    with considerable certainty; without much doubt
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  299. none
    not at all or in no way
    New designs are on the drawing board, but none have been implemented.
  300. both
    equally or alike
    Nuclear energy is both a threat and an opportunity.
  301. thousand
    the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  302. face
    the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  303. late
    at or toward an end or late period or stage of development
    There hasn’t been a new nuclear plant completed in the US since the 1980s, and no new orders since the late 1970s.
  304. idea
    the content of cognition
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  305. hold
    have in one's hands or grip
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  306. ever
    at all times; all the time and on every occasion
    However, if the US ever becomes serious about dealing with climate change via a carbon policy, then the economics of coal power will deteriorate significantly.
  307. run
    move fast by using one's feet
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  308. at least
    not less than
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  309. real
    being or occurring in fact or actuality
    Instead of environmental risks, the real risks of nuclear energy are about fuel security adn fuel disposal.
  310. live
    have life, be alive
    One of the greatest challenges facing the US is deciding how to power our economy in a way that provides the standards of living we’re accustomed to, at the costs we’re accustomed to paying, while avoiding the bad future to which continued status quo will drive us.
  311. care
    providing treatment for or attending to someone or something
    So, if we don’t care about climate change, coal is likely to be the dominant answer, not nuclear.
  312. ground
    the solid part of the earth's surface
    Environmentalists are torn: many oppose nuclear on philosophical grounds based on their perceived risks, while other thought-leaders are nuclear proponents based on the practical realities.
  313. three
    the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  314. hard
    resisting weight or pressure
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  315. get
    come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
    When opponents of renewable energy discredit it due to subsidies (which they admittedly do receive), it’s pretty hypocritical: nuclear (and fossil) energy has gotten and still gets far more subsidy dollars than renewable energy has and does.
  316. coming
    of the relatively near future
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  317. question
    a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply
    One crucial factor that needs addressing is the question of cost.
  318. hundred
    ten 10s
    The industry produces hundreds of thousands of tons of radioactive waste that will remain hazardous for centuries.
  319. there
    in or at that place
    There are huge advantages and substantial risks associated with it, and while it’s easy to see one side of the coin or the other, it’s hard to see and accept both sides of the coin at the same time.
  320. think
    judge or regard; look upon; judge
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  321. fire
    the process of combustion of inflammable materials
    New gas-fired power plants have fairly low emissions and can be approved and built quickly, but the price and supply of natural gas in uncertain and highly volatile.
  322. really
    in actual fact
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  323. least
    the superlative of `little' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  324. indeed
    in truth (often tends to intensify)
    Still, for the time being, the economics of new wind and solar energy (indeed, any new power plants) are considerably higher than the costs of running existing nuclear plants, so electricity prices would go up if nuclear were to go away.
  325. round
    having a circular shape
    Wind and solar are not “round-the-clock” – at least until there’s cost-effective energy storage for the power grid (don’t hold your breath).
  326. long
    primarily spatial sense
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  327. case
    an occurrence of something
    Three Mile Island was a more plausible worst-case scenario – and its environmental impact was small relative to the long-term impact of coal mining and burning, or petroleum extraction and refining.
  328. matter
    that which has mass and occupies space
    But, on the other hand, if climate change matters, then there’s a poteltial role for new nuclear in the US.
  329. about
    (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
    Instead of environmental risks, the real risks of nuclear energy are about fuel security adn fuel disposal.
  330. many
    a large number of the persons or things being discussed
    Many peopl e tend to think that nuclear power plants are inherently dangerous, citing Chernobyl.
  331. rather
    more readily or willingly
    So, it would seem that this argues for massive wind and solar installation, rather than new nuclear.
  332. use
    put into service
    Using conventional technology and ignoring greenhouse gas emissions, the cost of energy from new coal power plants is probably in the order of 6-8 cents/kwh.
  333. less
    a quantifier meaning not as great in amount or degree
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
  334. good
    having desirable or positive qualities
    Chernobyl was truly an aberration – all safety systems were intentionally disabled and the plant was pushed to its limits as an experiment (Hey, that’s a really good idea!).
  335. more than
    (comparative of `much' used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
    The cost of new nuclear is generally more than new wind, and while less than new solar today, the costs of new solar should become competitive as a result of technological advancements in the coming years.
Created on Tue Nov 01 15:06:20 EDT 2011

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